Sunday, December 8, 2019
A 550-Mile Journey free essay sample
Standing on the cliffs at the end of the world, the sun glittering off beads of freezing ocean spray, I will end one journey and begin another. The Spanish coastal city of Finisterre is called the end of the world because of the vast expanse of sea that stretches out from its rocky shore. Finisterre, the end of the world and the final destination on my Camino de Santiago. The Camino is an ancient pilgrimage from the border of France to the Coast of Spain which I learned about in my Spanish class sophomore year. Studying the Camino planted a spark in my heart that has only grown with time. Each passing day brings me closer to the commencement of the 550-mile journey I will one day complete. Nothing would be more fulfilling than kneeling at the steps of the great Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. Kneeling in awe on the stone worn smooth from the pauses of countless generations of pilgrims, and looking up in amazement at its towering grace. We will write a custom essay sample on A 550-Mile Journey or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The satisfaction that would come from knowing I had reached the end of the Camino would be overwhelming. Despite the imagined gravity of this moment, it is not the ending of the journey that I am interested in. The Camino is famous for its transformative abilities and spiritual significance. I want to meet strangers and fall in love with them, to fall in love with the beauty of mankind that is so often tainted by our fears of reaching out. The pilgrims that walk the Camino have a unique bond that brings them together from all walks of life, all corners of the Earth. I want to walk the Camino to learn other peopleââ¬â¢s stories and to build unforgettable relationships with individuals I may never see again. I will not walk the Camino to restore my faith in God, but to grow in my faith in the universe, in humans and our power to change each otherââ¬â¢s lives. I want to begin the Camino in St. Jean Pied de Port, France, with a tingling in my fingers and toes, with butterflies in my stomach and a smile on my face. I want to walk with a stone in my hand that I will place beneath the massive cross at Cruz de Ferro, along with the thousands of others that have been set there before mine. Standing on the small mountain of stone hinged wishes, Iââ¬â¢ll be remembering a teacher who changed my life. My 7th grade Geography teacher, who encouraged my love of adventure and opened my eyes to the world. Knowing that Iââ¬â¢ll have met my goals and made him proud, I will walk away with a much lighter heart and a more open mind as I continue my journey. I want to hike the great Camino de Santiago to feel the rush of rebirth and new beginnings. For once in my life, I want to be one of the Chris McCandlessââ¬â¢ of the world ââ¬â bold and determined to change my life. On my Camino, I will not be afraid of stepping out into the world and letting go of my worries. I will dust off my anxieties and follow my passion without hesitation. I want to finish and feel transformed by my journey. Someday, I will be standing in an airport with a ticket in my hand, boarding a plane to Europe. Someday, I will feel the cold mist of the ocean at Finesterre, the satisfaction of kneeling at Santiago de Compostela, and the stones at Cruz de Ferro shifting beneath my boots. The pins and needles in my feet at St. Jean Pied de Port will remind me of my anticipation of a new life, and I will begin my 550-mile journey with a single step.
Sunday, December 1, 2019
Purpose of the Product Essay Example
Purpose of the Product Essay Shearer 1 didnt sell very well, but Paul Porter claimed this wasnt the purpose of that particular product. What was the purpose of the product? It was meant to get the community to recognize that Kodak really knows what Its doing when It comes to digital technology. Kodak pays close attention to the market place and what Is happening wealth social trends. They research consumer needs, technology needs and business needs through a series of social Interactions with consumers. This may include designers and business research personnel going out to the public to do interviewing with consumers or developing focus group programs or ethnographic research to identify what those consumer needs are. Through this information of fine details, the designers begin to develop relative design solutions to exactly what the consumer said along with trouble shooting or hypothetically guessing as to where the trend of product designs will lead, thus making technology needs more applicable within short time frames and structuring new ideas that perhaps the consumer hadnt thought of yet. This in turn supplies the needs of the market irately because It provides a cutting edge on the marketable technology and It always puts Kodak one step ahead of the competition. By Identifying consumer wants and needs, Kodak Is able to show the community exactly what was stated In beginning; that they know what thieve doing when It comes to digital technology because they have built a business strategy to do so. Thats the real purpose of this product. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Purpose of the Product specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Purpose of the Product specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Purpose of the Product specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer What kind of new product was Shearer 1? The Shearer 1 was a new novelty/innovative product (digital camera) designed to test the strengths and weakness of the technological market, to see what consumers anted in a digital camera and what they didnt. It was a simple compact, point and shoot camera that held a 10 mega pixel, optical zoom lens. The camera actually has the option of a dual lens: a zoom lens in a very small package, and the other was a wide angle lens for wide photography. It is also Wi-If capable for uploading photos to mainstream over the Internet. It takes solid Images, especially outdoors, with Its excellent 3-lunch touch-screen LCD navigational display In the back of the camera that offers 16 scene modes for digital Imaging. It can store up to 1,500 Images and had a NUMB of internal memory support. But the whole hype about the camera was centered on Wi-If capability, but to Kodak, this was just an experimental process to see where this kind of technology would lead. The digital dynamics was another test factor, to see if consumers would be kept engaged to the product and its unique detailing, like moving or transparent imagery. What the main focus for Kodak would be is to get the right product out to the right consumer, and such a diversity of consumers always demands a diversity of products for those consumers. . Discuss the product development process at Kodak. Since it Is critical to constantly update and upgrade your product in the market place, the product development process Is a highly competitive process at Kodak. The first agenda would be focused around design and usability because of the fact that It Is a powerful marketing tool. Industrial designers are designated to make the product look good or appealing and consumer friendly so as to catch the attention of the workflow simple on their device that they are designing. Because they simplify the genealogical aspects of the product, this promotes the concept that Kodak products are easier to use above any other competition. Then the user interaction designer works specifically with internal electronic design, thus they make the product more exciting. The next and final step would fall into the graphic designers hands. They are predominately responsible for doing graphics or pictures for packaging; again, an attempt to catch the consumers attention by looking upon a box or display. Then the product goes out to market and data analyzing is conducted monthly to view revenue for their new product.
Tuesday, November 26, 2019
Free Essays on Reasons For College
A college education and degree can open up many doors in a personââ¬â¢s life and career choices. In a personââ¬â¢s life there are many important factors, a college degree is one of them. There are many reasons why a person should attend college. College is a big learning experience for a person. A college degree can help you prepare for a particular area of work and path you will like to choose. Since college degrees are needed in most areas of work without a college degree itââ¬â¢s most likely a person would not be able to pursue a career in that area they are interested in. Most jobs look to see if you have a college career first. College can help expand a personââ¬â¢s knowledge in different areas which may be needed later on in life. Also People that have obtained a college degree are more likely to be employed and receive higher pay than a person without a college degree. College can help a person learn about their strengths, weaknesses and things that interest them in the field of careers and jobs. College can help someone can help someone learn about certain talents they might have not knew they had. It can also show a person what ââ¬Å"the real worldâ⬠may be like, and a person may have to go through. It can help a person become mature and take on bigger responsibilities in the near future. Another reason for attending college may be to be a role model and to influence family members and friends. If a person has certain goals they would like to achieve in life, college may help them achieve them. College teaches a person how to be ready for life and work. Also by completing college and earning a degree it can give a person pride feeling they have accomplished such a big task. College can also be considered fun for a person. With college people can meet new, different people, and make new friends. A person will have to do a lot of socializing... Free Essays on Reasons For College Free Essays on Reasons For College A college education and degree can open up many doors in a personââ¬â¢s life and career choices. In a personââ¬â¢s life there are many important factors, a college degree is one of them. There are many reasons why a person should attend college. College is a big learning experience for a person. A college degree can help you prepare for a particular area of work and path you will like to choose. Since college degrees are needed in most areas of work without a college degree itââ¬â¢s most likely a person would not be able to pursue a career in that area they are interested in. Most jobs look to see if you have a college career first. College can help expand a personââ¬â¢s knowledge in different areas which may be needed later on in life. Also People that have obtained a college degree are more likely to be employed and receive higher pay than a person without a college degree. College can help a person learn about their strengths, weaknesses and things that interest them in the field of careers and jobs. College can help someone can help someone learn about certain talents they might have not knew they had. It can also show a person what ââ¬Å"the real worldâ⬠may be like, and a person may have to go through. It can help a person become mature and take on bigger responsibilities in the near future. Another reason for attending college may be to be a role model and to influence family members and friends. If a person has certain goals they would like to achieve in life, college may help them achieve them. College teaches a person how to be ready for life and work. Also by completing college and earning a degree it can give a person pride feeling they have accomplished such a big task. College can also be considered fun for a person. With college people can meet new, different people, and make new friends. A person will have to do a lot of socializing...
Friday, November 22, 2019
Biography of Louis Pasteur, Health Sciences Pioneer
Biography of Louis Pasteur, Health Sciences Pioneer Louis Pasteur (December 27, 1822ââ¬âSeptember 28, 1895) was a French biologist and chemist whose breakthrough discoveries into the causes and prevention of disease ushered in the modern era of medicine. Fast Facts: Louis Pasteur Known For: Discovered pasteurization, studies of anthrax, rabies, improved medical techniquesBorn: December 27, 1822 in Dole, FranceParents: Jean-Joseph Pasteur and Jeanne-Etiennette RoquiDied: September 28, 1895 in Paris, FranceEducation: Collà ¨ge Royal at Besancon (BA, 1842; BSc 1842), Ecole Normale Supà ©rieure (MSc, 1845; Ph.D. 1847)Spouse: Marie Laurent (1826ââ¬â1910, m. May 29, 1849)Children: Jeanne (1850ââ¬â1859), Jean Baptiste (1851ââ¬â1908), Cà ©cile (1853ââ¬â1866), Marie Louise (1858ââ¬â1934),à Camille (1863ââ¬â1865) Early Life Louis Pasteur was born December 27, 1822 in Dole, France, into a Catholic family. He was the third child and only son ofà poorly educated tanner Jean-Joseph Pasteur and his wife Jeanne-Etiennette Roqui. He attended primary school when he was 9 years old, and at that time he didnt show any particular interest in the sciences. He was, however, quite a good artist. In 1839, he was accepted to theà Collà ¨ge Royal at Besancon, from which he graduated with both a BA and a BSc in 1842 with honors in physics, mathematics, Latin, and drawing, gaining. He later attended the prestigious Ecole Normale Supà ©rieureà to study physics and chemistry, specializing in crystals, and obtaining the French equivalents of an MSc (1845) and a Ph.D. (1847). He served briefly as a professor of physics at the Lycee in Dijon, and later became a professor of chemistry at the University of Strasbourg. Marriage and Family It was at the University of Strasbourg that Pasteur met Marie Laurent, the daughter of the universitys rector; she would become Louis secretary and writing assistant. The couple married onà May 29, 1849,à and hadà five children: Jeanne (1850ââ¬â1859), Jean Baptiste (1851ââ¬â1908), Cà ©cile (1853ââ¬â1866), Marie Louise (1858ââ¬â1934), and Camille (1863ââ¬â1865). Only two of his children survived toà adulthood: the other threeà died of typhoid fever, perhaps leading to Pasteurs drive to save people from disease.à Accomplishments Over the course of his career, Pasteur conducted research that ushered in the modern era of medicine and science. Thanks to his discoveries, people could now liveà longer and healthier lives. His early workà with the wine growers of France, in which he developed a way to pasteurize and kill germs as part of the fermentation process, meant that all kinds of liquids could now be safely brought to market- wine, milk, and even beer. He was even granted U.S. patent 135,245 for Improvement in Brewing Beer and Ale Pasteurization.à Additional accomplishments included his discovery of a cure for a certain disease that affected silkworms, which was a tremendous boon to the textile industry. He also found cures for chicken cholera, anthrax in sheep, and rabies in humans. The Pasteur Institute In 1857, Pasteur moved to Paris, where he took up a series of professorships. Personally, Pasteur lost three of his own children to typhoid during this period, and in 1868, he suffered a debilitating stroke, which left him partially paralyzed for the rest of his life. He opened the Pasteur Institute in 1888, with the stated purpose of the treatment of rabies and the study of virulent and contagious diseases. The Institute pioneered studies in microbiology, and heldà theà first-ever class in the new discipline in 1889. Starting in 1891, Pasteur began to open other Institutes throughout Europe to advance his ideas. Today, there areà 32 Pasteur institutes or hospitals in 29 countries throughout the world. The Germ Theory of Disease During Louis Pasteurs lifetime it was not easy for him to convince others of his ideas, which were controversial in their time but are considered absolutely correct today. Pasteur fought to convince surgeons that germs existed and that they were the cause of disease, not bad air, the prevailing theory up to that point. Furthermore, he insisted that germs could be spread via human contact and even medical instruments, and that killing germs through pasteurization and sterilization was imperative to preventing the spread of disease. In addition, Pasteur advanced the study of virology. Hisà work with rabies led him to realize that weak forms of diseaseà could be used as an immunization against stronger forms.à Famous Quotes Did you ever observe to whom the accidents happen? Chance favors only the prepared mind. Science knows no country, because knowledge belongs to humanity, and is the torch which illuminates the world. Controversyà A few historians disagree with the accepted wisdom regarding Pasteurs discoveries. At the centennial of the biologists death in 1995, a historian specializing in science, Gerald L. Geisonà (1943ââ¬â2001), published a book analyzing Pasteurs private notebooks, which had only been made public about a decade earlier. In The Private Science of Louis Pasteur, Geison asserted that Pasteur had given misleading accounts about many of his important discoveries. Still, other critics labeled him a fraud. Death Louis Pasteur continued to work at the Pasteur Institute until June 1895, when he retired because of his increasing illness. He died on September 28, 1895, after suffering multiple strokes. Legacy Pasteur was complicated: inconsistencies and misrepresentations identified by Geison in Pasteurs notebooks show that he was not just an experimenter, but a powerful combatant, orator, and writer, who did distort facts to sway opinions and promote himself and his causes. Nevertheless, his accomplishments were tremendous- in particular his anthrax and rabies studies, the importance of handwashing and sterilization in surgery, and most importantly, ushering in the era of the vaccine. These accomplishments continue to inspire and cure millions of people. Sources Berche, P. Louis Pasteur, from Crystals of Life to Vaccination. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 18 (2012): 1ââ¬â6.Debrà ©, Patrice. Louis Pasteur. Trans. Forster, Elborg. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.Geison, Gerald L. The Private Science of Louis Pasteur. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1995.à Lanska, D. J. Pasteur, Louis. Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences (Second Edition). Eds. Aminoff, Michael J. and Robert B. Daroff. Oxford: Academic Press, 2014. 841ââ¬â45.Ligon, B. Lee. Biography: Louis Pasteur: A Controversial Figure in a Debate on Scientific Ethics. Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases 13.2 (2002): 134ââ¬â41.Martinez-Palomo, Adolfo. The Science of Louis Pasteur: A Reconsideration. The Quarterly Review of Biology 76.1 (2001): 37ââ¬â45.Tulchinsky, Theodore H. Chapter 6: Pasteur on Microbes and Infectious Diseases. Case Studies in Public Health. Ed. Tulchinsky, Theodore H.: Academic Press, 2018. 10 1ââ¬â16.
Biography of Louis Pasteur, Health Sciences Pioneer
Biography of Louis Pasteur, Health Sciences Pioneer Louis Pasteur (December 27, 1822ââ¬âSeptember 28, 1895) was a French biologist and chemist whose breakthrough discoveries into the causes and prevention of disease ushered in the modern era of medicine. Fast Facts: Louis Pasteur Known For: Discovered pasteurization, studies of anthrax, rabies, improved medical techniquesBorn: December 27, 1822 in Dole, FranceParents: Jean-Joseph Pasteur and Jeanne-Etiennette RoquiDied: September 28, 1895 in Paris, FranceEducation: Collà ¨ge Royal at Besancon (BA, 1842; BSc 1842), Ecole Normale Supà ©rieure (MSc, 1845; Ph.D. 1847)Spouse: Marie Laurent (1826ââ¬â1910, m. May 29, 1849)Children: Jeanne (1850ââ¬â1859), Jean Baptiste (1851ââ¬â1908), Cà ©cile (1853ââ¬â1866), Marie Louise (1858ââ¬â1934),à Camille (1863ââ¬â1865) Early Life Louis Pasteur was born December 27, 1822 in Dole, France, into a Catholic family. He was the third child and only son ofà poorly educated tanner Jean-Joseph Pasteur and his wife Jeanne-Etiennette Roqui. He attended primary school when he was 9 years old, and at that time he didnt show any particular interest in the sciences. He was, however, quite a good artist. In 1839, he was accepted to theà Collà ¨ge Royal at Besancon, from which he graduated with both a BA and a BSc in 1842 with honors in physics, mathematics, Latin, and drawing, gaining. He later attended the prestigious Ecole Normale Supà ©rieureà to study physics and chemistry, specializing in crystals, and obtaining the French equivalents of an MSc (1845) and a Ph.D. (1847). He served briefly as a professor of physics at the Lycee in Dijon, and later became a professor of chemistry at the University of Strasbourg. Marriage and Family It was at the University of Strasbourg that Pasteur met Marie Laurent, the daughter of the universitys rector; she would become Louis secretary and writing assistant. The couple married onà May 29, 1849,à and hadà five children: Jeanne (1850ââ¬â1859), Jean Baptiste (1851ââ¬â1908), Cà ©cile (1853ââ¬â1866), Marie Louise (1858ââ¬â1934), and Camille (1863ââ¬â1865). Only two of his children survived toà adulthood: the other threeà died of typhoid fever, perhaps leading to Pasteurs drive to save people from disease.à Accomplishments Over the course of his career, Pasteur conducted research that ushered in the modern era of medicine and science. Thanks to his discoveries, people could now liveà longer and healthier lives. His early workà with the wine growers of France, in which he developed a way to pasteurize and kill germs as part of the fermentation process, meant that all kinds of liquids could now be safely brought to market- wine, milk, and even beer. He was even granted U.S. patent 135,245 for Improvement in Brewing Beer and Ale Pasteurization.à Additional accomplishments included his discovery of a cure for a certain disease that affected silkworms, which was a tremendous boon to the textile industry. He also found cures for chicken cholera, anthrax in sheep, and rabies in humans. The Pasteur Institute In 1857, Pasteur moved to Paris, where he took up a series of professorships. Personally, Pasteur lost three of his own children to typhoid during this period, and in 1868, he suffered a debilitating stroke, which left him partially paralyzed for the rest of his life. He opened the Pasteur Institute in 1888, with the stated purpose of the treatment of rabies and the study of virulent and contagious diseases. The Institute pioneered studies in microbiology, and heldà theà first-ever class in the new discipline in 1889. Starting in 1891, Pasteur began to open other Institutes throughout Europe to advance his ideas. Today, there areà 32 Pasteur institutes or hospitals in 29 countries throughout the world. The Germ Theory of Disease During Louis Pasteurs lifetime it was not easy for him to convince others of his ideas, which were controversial in their time but are considered absolutely correct today. Pasteur fought to convince surgeons that germs existed and that they were the cause of disease, not bad air, the prevailing theory up to that point. Furthermore, he insisted that germs could be spread via human contact and even medical instruments, and that killing germs through pasteurization and sterilization was imperative to preventing the spread of disease. In addition, Pasteur advanced the study of virology. Hisà work with rabies led him to realize that weak forms of diseaseà could be used as an immunization against stronger forms.à Famous Quotes Did you ever observe to whom the accidents happen? Chance favors only the prepared mind. Science knows no country, because knowledge belongs to humanity, and is the torch which illuminates the world. Controversyà A few historians disagree with the accepted wisdom regarding Pasteurs discoveries. At the centennial of the biologists death in 1995, a historian specializing in science, Gerald L. Geisonà (1943ââ¬â2001), published a book analyzing Pasteurs private notebooks, which had only been made public about a decade earlier. In The Private Science of Louis Pasteur, Geison asserted that Pasteur had given misleading accounts about many of his important discoveries. Still, other critics labeled him a fraud. Death Louis Pasteur continued to work at the Pasteur Institute until June 1895, when he retired because of his increasing illness. He died on September 28, 1895, after suffering multiple strokes. Legacy Pasteur was complicated: inconsistencies and misrepresentations identified by Geison in Pasteurs notebooks show that he was not just an experimenter, but a powerful combatant, orator, and writer, who did distort facts to sway opinions and promote himself and his causes. Nevertheless, his accomplishments were tremendous- in particular his anthrax and rabies studies, the importance of handwashing and sterilization in surgery, and most importantly, ushering in the era of the vaccine. These accomplishments continue to inspire and cure millions of people. Sources Berche, P. Louis Pasteur, from Crystals of Life to Vaccination. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 18 (2012): 1ââ¬â6.Debrà ©, Patrice. Louis Pasteur. Trans. Forster, Elborg. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.Geison, Gerald L. The Private Science of Louis Pasteur. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1995.à Lanska, D. J. Pasteur, Louis. Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences (Second Edition). Eds. Aminoff, Michael J. and Robert B. Daroff. Oxford: Academic Press, 2014. 841ââ¬â45.Ligon, B. Lee. Biography: Louis Pasteur: A Controversial Figure in a Debate on Scientific Ethics. Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases 13.2 (2002): 134ââ¬â41.Martinez-Palomo, Adolfo. The Science of Louis Pasteur: A Reconsideration. The Quarterly Review of Biology 76.1 (2001): 37ââ¬â45.Tulchinsky, Theodore H. Chapter 6: Pasteur on Microbes and Infectious Diseases. Case Studies in Public Health. Ed. Tulchinsky, Theodore H.: Academic Press, 2018. 10 1ââ¬â16.
Thursday, November 21, 2019
E-diplomacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words
E-diplomacy - Essay Example Moreover, modern diplomatic service being faced with enhanced roles, requests for extended outreach and accountability. Reduction in resources is also confronted with multi stakeholder and multidisciplinary international arena. The occurrence of information and communication technologies (ICT) has rather carved out a substitute pathway towards progress. This paper inspects the role of information and communication technology in conveying diplomatic services, as a case of the ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. E-Diplomacy has emerged as an internet based resource that combines different applications tool to help secure diplomatic goals of different countries (Hanson). In the UKââ¬â¢s Foreign and Commonwealth Office (2012) digital diplomacy is considered as an important tool in managing foreign policy issues via the internet. The current scope and definition of e-diplomacy is however limited as it does not cover internal electronic collaboration processes, mobile applications or related technologies. The US State Department (2013) applies the concept of 21st century statecraft to encompass the elements and applications of e-diplomacy, where the focus is on three primary information networks of international relations and trade, personal communications and mass media. With the increasing involvement ICT into diplomatic affairs, political scientists refer this transformation as the shift in the paradigm. It offers a much more targeted way of delivering information, and empowers the government in establishing new connections across the globe. Moreover, e-diplomacy has changed the role of diplomats; they are no more bound to carry all the official documents, as these files are always present at the distance of their fingertips. Foreign ministries will have little option but to take advantage of IT if they are to remain
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
Value Added Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3
Value Added - Essay Example The unit profit is arrived at by calculating the difference between the production cost and the sale price. In order to determine the total value added is obtained by adding all the value added figures of all the units. Essentially, the difference between revenue and outside purchases is equivalent to total value added. In terms of analysis, the figure obtained of value added offers a range of interpretations. For instance, integrated companies usually regard value added as a higher portion of revenue whereas companies that are less integrated consider it as a lower portion of revenue. Another method of approximating total value added is by combining total labor expense, operating profit, and depreciation expense in that order (Mowen, Hansen, & Heitger, 2012). According to standard procedure, the operating profit must come before depreciation expense. Labor expense includes such items as benefits, wages, and salaries. The figure of total labor expense is usually considered as a retur n to labor while the value of operating profit is generally considered as a return to capital. Capital comprises of items such as land, properties, and capital goods. Normally, it is considered important to follow the standard procedure when arriving at the different figures. Factors of production are usually considered in terms of value added when determining the figure of value added in macroeconomic calculations. Calculating value added in national accounts usually involves capital and labor (Mowen, Hansen, & Heitger, 2012). Alternative definitions usually consider value added as the extra features, which extend over standard expectations of a given product or a service. Such items do not involve the cost of the product. According to some theoretical approaches, value added is considered as the difference in the prices incurred by a company over a product and the price paid by a customer for the same customer. As such, arriving at the figure of value added is through the determin ation of the difference in the prices. The figure is obtained by subtracting the companyââ¬â¢s cost from the customerââ¬â¢s cost and then adding the figure of services to the results. Theoretically, value added could be understood in terms of the different enhancements that a business puts on a particular product with the objective of increasing the value of the product (Mowen, Hansen, & Heitger, 2012). In this manner, value added is considered as a determination of the different qualities that are created on a given product or service. Value added can increase the price of a give product or its value. Generally, value added is considered as one of the ways in which a firm enhances the competitive advantage of its products or services. Other perspectives on value added describe it as an increase in the value of goods or services as they transit from one stage of production to another.Ã
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